Curriculum Development in Islamic Education: Integrating Religious Knowledge and Modern Science

Abstract

The integration of curriculum within Islamic educational institutions has become a critical discourse, particularly in responding to the rapid development of knowledge, globalization, and the demand for graduates who possess balanced religious, moral, and scientific capabilities. This study aims to conceptualize a comprehensive understanding of curriculum integration by examining theoretical foundations, models, implementation challenges, and future prospects through the lens of relevant literature. The findings highlight that integrated curriculum design emphasizes the unification of Islamic values with modern scientific disciplines, generating an educational system that develops intellectual reasoning, spiritual awareness, and ethical character simultaneously. Various curriculum development models, such as subject integration, multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches, competency-based design, and prophetic education frameworks, provide strategic alternatives for institutions to formulate contextual and adaptive learning structures. Despite this potential, implementation still encounters challenges including limited educator competence, fragmented teaching approaches, institutional dualism, resource inequality, and low standardization. However, the future of integrated curriculum in Islamic education shows promising opportunities as digital learning expands access, research-based educational methods evolve, and society increasingly demands holistic graduates capable of facing global competition without losing religious identity. Strengthening policy support, professional training, curriculum innovation, and collaborative partnerships can enhance sustainability and effectiveness. This conceptual study contributes to the academic discourse by presenting a holistic perspective on curriculum integration and offering strategic implications for future development in Islamic education.